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Destruction of Bio-diversity of Jharkhand Condition of India

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The term bio-diversity was created by Wally and Rosen in 1985, which is the shortened word of Scientific Variety. The biosphere is really a vital life support system for man and its everyday living of people. The new condition Jharkhand of Native indian is very full of bio-diversity due to its different physiographic and weather conditions. The Jharkhand condition is situated between 21°58'10" to 25°18' N Permission and 83°22' to 87°57' E Longitude. Jharkhand forms part of the Chotanagpur level region of the Deccan Peninsula Biogeographic Area. As the name of the condition indicates, it is having a good protecting of jungles (reserved natrual enviroment 4,387.20 sq km, protected natrual enviroment 19,184.78 sq km and unclassified natrual enviroment 33.49 sq km). The natrual enviroment of the condition contains unique dry deciduous, wet deciduous, dry peninsular and dry mixed deciduous natrual enviroment. The jungles form catchments of the three primary estuaries and waterways - Koel, Damodar and Subernekha. The natrual enviroment protecting is 23605.47 sq km, which is 29.6% of the total regional place of the condition, i.e. 79714 sq km. The surroundings of the condition has crazy, semi-wild and developed environments.

The condition is also very full of natural sources. Nearly 50 % of the nation's nutrients are located in the condition - iron and fossil fuel being important among the primary, but the mineral map and the jungles overlap for the significant nutrients (Anonymous 2009). The condition offers a variety of creatures. The floristic diversity contains 97 types of trees and plants, 46 types of plants and natural herbs, 25 kinds of climbers, parasitic organisms and orchid flowers and 17 kinds of low herbage. The significant trees and plants of the condition are Shorea robusta (Sal), Delbergia sissioo (Sesum), Madhuca indica (Mahua), Acasia nilotica (babool), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Terminalia arjuna (Arjun), bombax ceiba (Semul) and Butea monosperma (Palas). 39 types of creatures, 170 bird types, 12 reptilian types such as 8 reptile types and 4 reptile types and about 21 pest types were exposed from the natrual enviroment of Jharkhand. The significant mammalian wildlife include competition, leopard, sloth bear, hippo, crazy boar, Native indian buffalo, hyena, crazy horse and langur, deer and antelopes, hair etc.

METHODOLOGY:

For the present research, a research was performed from Jamshedpur in May - May 2010 by the author with the help of Department of Forest of Jharkhand and the information were gathered. The research place was separated into seven areas, viz. Udhuwa pond creatures refuge (WLS), Topchanchi creatures refuge, Koderma creatures refuge, Hazaribagh creatures refuge, Lawalong creatures refuge, Simdega natrual enviroment and Dalma creatures refuge. The statement were made through the watch systems and information gathered by actual statement as well as by collecting information from the local communities and villagers by showing images of creatures. The gathered information were examined and compared to the previous information.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

The research exposed the following animal diversity from the research areas.

In 2000, 45 mammalian types, 205 bird types, 15 reptilian types and 45 invertebrate types were registered, whereas in 2005, the types diversity dropped as 41 mammalian types, 201 bird, 14 reptilian and 43 invertebrate types. In season 2010, the diversity found were 35 mammalian types with 168 bird and 11 reptilian types. The invertebrate types diversity exposed an slant in number as 48.

From the above information, it is obvious that the types diversity of the condition is consistently decreasing. The mammalian and bird wildlife is dropped progressively up to 2010, with a minor improve in 2008, might be due to preservation strategies, performed by the condition. As far the reptilian diversity is concerned, it has dropped consistently. The pest diversity has shown a trend of improve.

Biodiversity of the condition is under continuous pressure due to not sustainable bounty of living sources, environment devastation and fragmentation, effects of toxins, and competition with colonizing, often unique, obtrusive types. The bio-diversity is also having risk from various other factors like industrialization, urbanization, farming actions, stone quarrying, unlimited grazing by the opportunity livestock, exploration actions, construction of train paths, streets, public works, other developing actions and even cultural traditions of communities.

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